How many abstractions do we need?

Chain abstraction is a VC fix for a VC-created problem. The real abstraction will come from whoever builds the most popular app, like Galxe.

Beyond Layers

A long ramble on blockspace: what it is, why it matters, blockspace as a Veblen vs Giffen good, Jevons paradox, and why scheduling beats scalability.

The Fappening

The Fat App Thesis: why value accrues from protocols to apps. Appchains, the superapp X, the Trojan Middleware and the blockspace wars of the 2020s.

The Bridges Are Dead, Long Live The Bridges!

The case for Generalized Messaging Protocols over token bridges: architectures of Axelar, Abacus, Nomad, LayerZero, Wormhole, XCMP, IBC and Chainflip, plus cross-chain app use cases.

Web 3 Middleware

A bottoms-up map of the Web 3 middleware stack: storage, data models, indexers, access controls and integration platforms, and how they fit together to power next-gen apps.

Infrastructure Lego: The Middleware Thesis

Zee Prime’s original middleware thesis: why DeFi has outrun its infrastructure, what crypto middleware is, and a deep dive into Pocket Network as a decentralization-as-a-service lego.